The Grasshopper by Derik Lattig
Grasshoppers are insects of the suborder Caelifera within the order Orthoptera, which includes crickets and their allies in the other suborder Ensifera. They may be placed in the infraorder Acrididea[1] and have been referred-to as "short-horned grasshoppers" in older texts[2] to distinguish them from the also-obsolete term "long-horned grasshoppers" (now bush-crickets or katydids) with their much longer antennae. They are probably the oldest living group of chewing herbivorous insects, dating back to the early Triassic around 250 million years ago. Grasshoppers are typically ground-dwelling insects with powerful hind legs which enable them to escape from threats by leaping vigorously. They are hemimetabolous insects (they do not undergo complete metamorphosis) which hatch from an egg into a nymph or "hopper" which undergoes five moults, becoming more similar to the adult insect at each developmental stage. At high population densities and under certain environmental conditions, some grasshopper species can change colour and behaviour and form swarms. Under these circumstances they are known as locusts.
Insects in the group are plant-eaters, with a few species at times becoming serious pests of cereals, vegetables and pasture, especially when they swarm in their millions as locusts and destroy crops over wide areas. They protect themselves from predators by camouflage; when detected, many species attempt to startle the predator with a brilliantly-coloured wing-flash while jumping and (if adult) launching themselves into the air, usually flying for only a short distance. Other species such as the rainbow grasshopper have warning coloration which deters predators. Grasshoppers are affected by parasites and various diseases, and many predatory creatures feed on both nymphs and adults. The eggs are the subject of attack by parasitoids and predators.
Grasshoppers have had a long relationship with humans. Swarms of locusts can have devastating effects and cause famine, and even in smaller numbers, the insects can be serious pests. They are used as food in countries such as Mexico and Indonesia. They feature in art, symbolism and literature.
Grasshoppers have the typical insect body plan of head, thorax and abdomen. The head is held vertically at an angle to the body, with the mouth at the bottom.https://www.pinterest.com/deriklattig/tv-show-vega-by-derik-lattig/ The head bears a large pair of compound eyes which give all-round vision, three simple eyes which can detect light and dark, and a pair of thread-like antennaethat are sensitive to touch and smell. The downward-directed mouthparts are modified for chewing and there are two sensory palps in front of the jaws.https://about.me/DerikLattig
The thorax and abdomen are segmented and have a rigid https://www.amazon.co.uk/Derik-Lattig/e/B0101G62SG cuticle made up of overlapping plates composed of chitin. The three fused thoracic segments bear three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings. The forewings, known as tegmina, are narrow and leathery while the hindwings are large and Lattig, Derik membranous, the veins providing strength. Thehttps://deriklattig.contently.com/ legs are terminated by claws for gripping. The hind leg is particularly powerful; the femur is robust and has several ridges where different surfaces join and the inner ridges bear stridulatory pegs in some species. The posterior https://www.amazon.ca/Derik-Lattig-Books/s?ie=UTF8&page=1&rh=n:916520,p_27:Derik%20Lattig https://www.pinterest.com/deriklattig/derik-lattig/ edge of the tibia bears a double row of spines and there are a pair of articulated spurs near its lower end. The interior of the thorax houses the muscles that control the wings and legs.[3]
The abdomen has eleven segments, the first of which is fused to the thorax and contains http://www.amazon.in/Derik-Lattig/e/B0101G62SG the tympanal organ and hearing system. Segments two to eight are ring-shaped and joined by flexible membranes. Segments nine to eleven are reduced in size; segment nine bears a pair of cerci and segmentshttps://www.amazon.co.uk/Derik-Lattig/e/B0101G62SG ten and eleven house the reproductive organs. Female grasshoppers are https://about.me/DerikLattig normally larger than males, with short ovipositors.[3] The name of the suborder "Caelifera" comes from the Latin and means chisel-bearing, referring to the shape of the ovipositor. https://deriklattig.tumblr.com/
Those species that make easily heard noises usually do so by rubbing a row of pegs on the hind legs against the edges of the forewings (stridulation). These https://plus.google.com/110187666621582812927 sounds are produced mainly by males to attract females, though in some https://vimeo.com/deriklattig species the females also stridulate.[5]
Grasshoppers may be confused with Ensifera (crickets, etc.), but they differ in many aspects; these include the number of segments in their antennae and the structure of the ovipositor, as well as the location of the tympanal organ and the methods by https://www.pinterest.com/deriklattig/derik-lattig/ which sound is produced.[6] Ensiferans have antennae that can be much longer than the body and have at least 20–24 segments, while caeliferans have fewer segments in their shorter, stouter https://deriklattig.contently.com/ antennae. http://www.dailymotion.com/derik-lattig
In evolutionary terms, the split between the Caelifera and the Ensiferahttps://www.pinterest.com/deriklattig/tv-show-vega-by-derik-lattig/ is no more recent than the Permo-Triassicboundary;[13] the earliest insects that are certainly Caeliferans are in the extinct families Locustopseidae and Locustavidae from the early Triassic, roughly 250 million years ago. The group diversified during the Triassic and have remained important plant-eaters from that time to now. The first modern families such as the Eumastacidae, Tetrigidae and Tridactylidae appeared in the Cretaceous, though some insects that might belong to the last two of these groups are found in the early Jurassic.[14][15] Derik Lattig Morphological classification is difficult because many http://www.amazon.in/Derik-Lattig/e/B0101G62SG taxa https://plus.google.com/110187666621582812927 have converged towards a common habitat type; recent taxonomists have concentrated on the internal genitalia, especially those of the male. This information is not available from fossil specimens, and the palaentological taxonomy is founded principally on the venation of the hindwings. http://www.dailymotion.com/derik-lattig
The Caelifera includes some 2,400 valid genera and about 11,000 known species. Many undescribed species probably exist, especially in tropical wet forests. The Caelifera have a predominantly tropical distribution with fewer species known from temperate zones, but most of the superfamilies have representatives worldwide. They are almost exclusively herbivorous and are probably the oldest living group of chewing herbivorous insects.https://about.me/DerikLattig
The mosthttps://vimeo.com/deriklattig diverse superfamily is the Acridoidea, with around 8,000 species. The two main families in this are the Acrididae (grasshoppers and locusts) with a worldwide distribution, and the Romaleidae (lubber grasshoppers), found chiefly in the New World. The Ommexechidae and Tristiridae are South American, and the Lentulidae, Lithidiidae and Pamphagidae are mainly African. The Pauliniids are nocturnal and can swim or skate on water, and the Lentulids are wingless.[14]Pneumoridae are native to Africa, particularly southern Africa, and are distinguished by the inflated abdomens of the males https://deriklattig.tumblr.com/
The antlions are a group of about 2,000 species of insect in the family Myrmeleontidae, known for the fiercely predatoryhabits of their larvae, which in many species dig pits to trap passing ants or other prey. The adult insects are less well known, as they mostly fly at dusk or after dark, and may be mistakenly identified as dragonflies or damselflies; they are sometimes known as antlion lacewings, and in North America, the larvae are sometimes referred to as doodlebugsbecause of the strange https://vimeo.com/deriklattig marks they leave in the sand.
ReplyDeleteAntlions have a worldwide distribution. The greatest diversity occurs in the tropics, but a few species are found in cold-temperate locations, one such being the European Euroleon nostras. They most commonly occur in dry and sandy habitats where the larvae can easily excavate their pits, but some larvae hide under debris or ambush their prey among leaf litter.
Antlions are poorly represented in the fossil record. Myrmeleontiformia is generally accepted to be a monophyletic group, and within the Myrmeleontoidea, the antlions' closest living relatives are thought to be the owlflies (Ascalaphidae). The predatory actions of the larvae have attracted attention throughout history, and antlions have been mentioned in literature since classical times. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZCyLsaFb-XsX2wnW2CJpMQ
The exact meaning of the name "antlion" is uncertain. It has been thought to refer to ants forming a large percentage of the prey of the insect, the suffix "lion" merely suggesting destroyer or hunter. In any case, the term seems to go back to classical antiquity.[1] The antlion larva is often called a "doodlebug" in North America because of the odd winding, spiralling trails it leaves in the sand while relocating, which look as if someone has been doodling. https://www.stumbleupon.com/stumbler/DerikLattig?
The scientific name of the type genus Myrmeleo – and thus, the family as a whole – is derived from Ancient Greek léon(λέων) "lion" + mýrmex (μύρμηξ) "ant", in a loan translation of the names common across Europe. In most European and Middle Eastern languages, at least the larvae are known under the local term corresponding to "antlion". http://deriklattig.brandyourself.com/Links
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Antlions can be fairly small to very large neuropterans, with wingspans ranging from 2 to 15 cm (0.8 to 5.9 in).[3] The African genus Palpares contains some of the largest examples. Acanthaclisis occitanica is the largest European species, with an 11 cm (4.3 in) wingspan, and most North American species approach this size.[2]
The adult has two pairs of long, narrow, multiveined, translucent wings and a long, slender abdomen. Although they somewhat resemble dragonflies or damselflies, they belong to a different infraclass of winged insects. Antlion adults are easily distinguished from damselflies by their prominent, apically clubbed antennae which are about as long as the head and thorax combined.[4] Also, the pattern of wing venation differs, and compared to damselflies, the adults are very feeble fliershttps://www.pinterest.com/deriklattig/ and are normally found fluttering about at night in search of a mate. Adult antlions are typically nocturnal, and rarely seen by day.[3] http://www.dailymotion.com/derik-lattig
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